Petroleum Processing Process
The Following Is The Process Of Petroleum Processing.
Primary Process
The components of petroleum are separated by multilevel distillation, that is the separation of petroleum based on differences in boiling points. Staged distillation stages are:
Crude oil is heated in a high pressure boiler to a temperature of 600oC and flowed to the bottom of the distillation tower.
The crude oil vapor moves up through the plates with bubble caps.
Steam will reach a height, where the steam will condense into liquid at a certain temperature and pressure called
The fraction containing compounds with high boiling point will be condensed at the bottom of the tower destialsi, while the fraction containing compounds with low boiling point will be condensed at the top of the distillation tower.
Secondary Process
The secondary process is also called the conversion process, which is in this process petroleum is converted into hydrocarbon forms with a simpler chain in accordance with the desired needs. There are several techniques used in this conversion process, including:
Cracking
Cracking is the process of harassing large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules. There are cracking using catalyst (catalytic cracking) and some are not using catalyst but using high temperature (thermal cracking).
An example of this cracking is to crack a C30 hydrocarbon molecule which is a product of the diesel or heavy oil fraction into two C15 hydrocarbon molecules which are a product of the kerosene or kerosene fraction, or into a C10 hydrocarbon molecule which is a product of the gasoline fraction and a molecule C20 hydrocarbons which are products of the solar fraction.
Polymerization
The polymerization process changes the byproducts of hydrocarbon gas produced in cracking into hydrocarbod liquid which can be used as motor fuel, aviation, and petrochemical raw materials. The main basic ingredient of polymerization is olefins obtained from cracking still.
Processing
This process is intended to prepare hydrocarbon fractions for further processing, also to be processed into final products.
Formulation and blending
The process of mixing hydrocarbon fractions and adding additives to get the final product with certain specifications.
Other processes
Such as waste treatment, the process of removing salt water (sour-water stripping), the process of recovering sulfur (sulfur recovery), the heating process, the cooling process, the process of making hydrogen, and other supporting processes.
The use of petroleum
The usefulness of petroleum is based on certain fractions, which are presented as follows:
Strengths and Weaknesses of Petroleum
The following are the advantages and disadvantages of petroleum.
Advantages
At present, petroleum can meet the energy needs of vehicle engines such as motorcycles, cars, ships, and even planes.
The transportation and management is easier
The prices of these petroleum products are relatively affordable by the public.
Petroleum energy is still a widely used energy.
Weakness
Almost every petroleum mining produces waste.
The area where the petroleum mining is conducted becomes unproductive due to waste pollution.
Petroleum is classified as natural resource which is difficult to be renewed, so the amount is limited.
The use of oil production in machinery and vehicles produces air pollution.
Trap type
Traps are permeable and porous rock layers (reservoir rock) that are boarded or blocked by impermeable rocks that have a function to prevent the escape of oil to other places (caprock). Geological structures that can trap oil and gas can be classified as:
Structural trap
namely traps formed by reservoir rock deformation, such as anticline, fault, etc.
Stratigraphic trap
that is, traps formed by controllers such as canals, reff, deltas or reservoir rock erosion such as angular unconformity.
Combination trap
namely a combination of structural elements from the two forms above.