Explanation of Agricultural Biotechnology and Its Benefits
In addition to being applied in biotechnology and pharmacy and medicine and food, biotechnology is also applicable in agriculture. In composting and biogas is one simple example in the application of agricultural biotechnology. Utilization of agricultural biotechnology in zamam is now done in a modern way, here are some examples of agricultural biotechnology.
Hydroponics and Aeroponics
Hydroponics is work by utilizing water. For methods used in hydroponics such as water culture using water media, sand culture methods using sand media and porous methods, among others, using gravel media and new brick fragments. With this sand method including successful and easy ways to apply.
The Advantages Of Using Hydroponics
Higher crop production
Use of fertilizer more efficiently
Does not depend on natural conditions
Plants are free from pests and diseases
Grow faster
Easy in the process
Does not require so much land
Fruits obtained by dihydroponics include cucumbers, paprika and lettuce, while plants that can be hydroponized are star fruit, guava water and melons.
Aeroponics is a type of hydroponics because water that contains nutrient solutions is sprayed in the form of mist to hit the roots of plants. The principle of the application of aeroponics is Styrofoam which is given planting holes with a distance of 15 cm, which is then using foam padding or rock wool, vegetable seedlings are embedded in the planting hole.
At the root of the plant will dangle freely downwards, then under the strands of Styrofoam there is a sprinkler or atomizer that emits a mist of nutrient solution up to the roots.
Plant Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a method or technique in isolating plant parts namely cells, tissues, organs and protoplasms and growing them on artificial media under aseptic conditions in a controlled space so that parts of the plant will grow and develop into complete plants.
The part that is grown through tissue culture is called an explant. Explants used are usually from young plant tissue, such as shoots, young leaves and root tips.
Various Types of Plant Tissue Culture
Antherculture pollen is a tissue culture technique using explants from stamens or pollen.
Cloroplast culture is a tissue culture technique using chloroplast explants for the purpose of improving the properties of plants by making new varieties.
Culture maristem is a tissue culture technique using explants or plant parts from young or meristem tissues.
Protoplast culture is a tissue culture technique using parts of protoplast plants or living cells that have been removed from the cell wall.
Somatic cross or crossing of the protoplasm is the crossing of two kinds of protoplasm into one, then cultivating it into a small plant with a new nature.
Biotechnology in the Formation of New Superior Plant Varieties
In the application of biotechnology in forming superior new plants, many have been developed because human needs are increasing. In addition, the application of plant biotechnology can facilitate a farmer in the process of crop cultivation. Some new superior types of plants made using biotechnology are as follows.
Burbank russet potato is a potato that has a high starch content and is able to produce better fried potatoes and potato chips.
Low nicotine tobacco is a type of tobacco which is considered to reduce the risk of cancer due to smoking.
Golden rice is a grain that is yellow like gold and contains carotenoids.
Flavrsavr tomatoes are tomatoes whose ripe fruit does not rot easily.