Oil Extraction Process
After evaluating the reservoir, the next stage is to develop a reservoir. The first thing to do is build a well (construction), including drilling (drilling), installing tubular wells (casing) and cementing (cementing). Then the completion process to make the well ready for use.
This process includes perforation, namely the perforation of a well wall; installation of all production pipes and valves and their accessories to bring oil and gas to the surface; installation of wellhead (chrismast tree) on the surface; installation of various safety equipment, installation of pumps if needed, etc.
If needed, the stimulation method is also carried out in this phase. Next well-evaluation to evaluate the condition of wells and formations in the well. The most common technique is called logging, which can be done when the well is still drilled or the well is ready.
Three Types of Wells:
The Following Are The Three Kinds Of Types Of Wells:
Exploration Well
(often called wildcat), which is a well drilled to determine whether there is oil or gas in an entirely new place.
Confirmation Well
If an exploration well finds oil or gas, several confirmation wells will be drilled in several different places around it to determine whether the hydrocarbon content is sufficient to be developed.
Development Well
is a well drilled in an existing oil field. The aim is to extract hydrocarbons as much as possible from the field.
Petroleum Association
The following are other public relations terms:
Production well: a well that produces hydrocarbons, whether oil, gas or both. Fluid flow from the bottom up.
Injection well: a well for injecting certain fluids into the formation (see Enhanced Oil Recovery at the end). Fluid flow from top to bottom.
Vertical well: a well that is straight and vertical.
Deviated well, directional well: wells whose geometric shapes are not vertical straight, can be in the form S, J or L.
Horizontal well: a well where there are horizontal parts. Is part of a well directed.
A rig is a series of special equipment used to drill a well or access a well. The main characteristic of the rig is the existence of a tower made of steel which is used to up and down the tubular wells.
Petroleum Rig
Generally, rigs are categorized into two types according to where they operate:
Land-rig: operates on land.
Sea rig (offshore-rig): operates above the water surface (sea, river, swamp, lake or river delta).
Kind - Offshore-Rig
There are various offshore-rigs classified according to water depth:
Swamp barg
maximum water depth of only 7m. Very commonly used in swamps or river deltas.
Barge tender
similar to swamp barge but used in deeper waters.
Jackup rig
platforms that can float and have three or four "legs" that can be scaled back. To be operated, all of his legs must be lowered until they hit the ocean floor. Then the rig body will be lifted up above the water surface so that its shape becomes a fixed platform.
To move from place to place, all the legs must be raised first so that the rig's body floats above the surface of the water. Then the rig is towed using several tugboats to the destination location. The operating depth of the jackup rig is from 5m to 200m.
Drilling jacket
steel structure platforms, generally small in size and suitable for use in calm and shallow seas. Often combined with jackup rigs or tender barges.
Semi-submersible rig
often simply called "semis" is a floating type rig. This rig is "tied" to the seabed using mooring ropes and anchors so that its position remains on the surface. By using a thruster, which is a kind of propeller around it, the semis rig is able to adjust its position dynamically.
Semis rigs are often used if the sea is too deep for jackup rigs. Because of its very stable character, this rig is also popular for use in large choppy sea areas and bad weather.
Drill ship
in principle, put the rig on a ship. Very suitable for use in deep sea areas. The position of the ship is controlled by a computer-controlled thruster system. It can move on its own and the most load capacity makes it often used in remote or far from land areas.
The function of the Petroleum Rig
From its function, the rig can be classified into two types:
Drilling rig: rig used to drill wells, new wells, new well branches and deepen old wells.
Workover rig: its function is to do something about existing wells, for example for maintenance, repair, closure, etc.